Sapiens 1 Page Summar

Homo Sapiens (our species), are animals from the genus Homo (man) and the species Sapiens (wise). Members of the Homo genus evolved in East Africa about 2.5 million years ago. This means that when. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari describes the development of the human species, who refers to as Sapiens. It begins in the earliest stages of evolution and ends at the present day with some broad predictions for humanity’s future. Harari states that our. In Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Yuval Noah Harahi identifies three specific 'revolutions' which were central to the development of the human species. The first was the Cognitive Revolution; taking place between 70,000 and 30,000 years ago, it was responsible for the development and use of language. Summary This book begins by giving a broad overview of the history of the universe. 13.5 billion years ago, matter and energy came into being with the Big Bang. This was the beginning of physics. 300,000 years later, more complex substances, whose properties and interactions are described by chemistry, emerged. 3.8 billion years ago, life appeared, heralding the beginning of biology.

Summary

Sapiens 1 Page Summar

This book begins by giving a broad overview of the history of the universe. 13.5 billion years ago, matter and energy came into being with the Big Bang. This was the beginning of physics. 300,000 years later, more complex substances, whose properties and interactions are described by chemistry, emerged. 3.8 billion years ago, life appeared, heralding the beginning of biology. Finally, 70,000 years ago modern human beings, known as Homo sapiens, spread throughout the Earth and began to form cultures, signalling the start of history. Homo sapiens, Harari argues, achieved dominance because of the Cognitive, Agricultural, and Scientific revolutions. He notes, however, that sapiens were not the only humans to ever exist. He states that several other species of humans belonged to the same genus, a biological grouping that denotes a common ancestor. Beyond that, humans are related to apes. Before 8,000 B.C., a variety of human...

Timeline of History

Years Before the Present

13.5 billion

Matter and energy appear. Beginning of physics. Atoms and molecules appear. Beginning of chemistry.

4.5 billion

Formation of planet Earth.

3.8 billion

Emergence of organisms. Beginning of biology.

6 million

Last common grandmother of humans and chimpanzees.

2.5 million

Evolution of the genus Homo in Africa. First stone tools.

2 million

Humans spread from Africa to Eurasia. Evolution of different human species.

500,000

Neanderthals evolve in Europe and the Middle East.

300,000

Daily usage of fire.

200,000

Homo sapiens evolves in East Africa.

70,000

The Cognitive Revolution. Emergence of fictive language.
Beginning of history. Sapiens spread out of Africa.

45,000

Sapiens settle Australia. Extinction of Australian megafauna.

30,000

Extinction of Neanderthals.

16,000

Sapiens settle America. Extinction of American megafauna.

13,000

Extinction of Homo floresiensis. Homo sapiens the only surviving human species.

12,000

The Agricultural Revolution. Domestication of plants and animals. Permanent settlements.

5,000

First kingdoms, script and money. Polytheistic religions.

4,250

First empire – the Akkadian Empire of Sargon.

2,500

Invention of coinage – a universal money.
The Persian Empire – a universal political order ‘for the benefit of all humans’.
Buddhism in India – a universal truth ‘to liberate all beings from suffering’.

2,000

Han Empire in China. Roman Empire in the Mediterranean. Christianity.

1,400

Islam.

500

The Scientific Revolution. Humankind admits its ignorance and begins to acquire unprecedented power. Europeans begin to conquer America and the oceans. The entire planet becomes a single historical arena. The rise of capitalism.

200

The Industrial Revolution. Family and community are replaced by state and market. Massive extinction of plants and animals.

The Present

Humans transcend the boundaries of planet Earth. Nuclear weapons threaten the survival of humankind. Organisms are increasingly shaped by intelligent design rather than natural selection.

The Future

Intelligent design becomes the basic principle of life? Homo sapiens is replaced by superhumans?

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Homo Sapiens Summary

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